Análise dos parâmetros regulatórios no cálculo das perdas técnicas: estudo de caso na Celesc Distribuição
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No Brasil, as perdas técnicas regulatórias dos sistemas de distribuição são definidas pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ANEEL, e esse montante define a receita da distribuidora para cobrir os gastos referentes à energia perdida no transporte. O método empregado para o cálculo de perdas técnicas é via fluxo de potência e, desse modo, os sistemas elétricos precisam ser modelados em detalhe. No intuito de diminuir as informações requeridas das distribuidoras, e também para estimular a eficiência energética nos sistemas elétricos, o órgão regulador definiu parâmetros para a metodologia. No entanto, alguns desses critérios e simplificações não representam sistemas reais e necessitam ser estudados mais profundamente. Nesse contexto, essa dissertação apresenta uma comparação entre os parâmetros adotados pela ANEEL frente aos parâmetros identificados em sistemas elétricos reais, tendo como estudo de caso a Celesc Distribuição, uma concessionária pública localizada no sul do Brasil que atende mais de três milhões de unidades consumidoras. O estudo é conduzido com o Open Distribution System Simulator – OpenDSS, o mesmo software adotado pela ANEEL, no qual são modelados os alimentadores da concessionária através das informações da Base de Dados Geográfica da Distribuidora – BDGD. Os parâmetros regulatórios estudados são: adoção do modelo ZIP para as cargas (50% potência constante e 50% impedância para a parcela ativa de carga e 100% impedância constante para a parcela reativa de carga), consideração somente da impedância de sequência positiva dos condutores, adoção de perdas regulatórias para os transformadores, adoção de 0,92 indutivo como fator de potência de todas as cargas e desconsideração de todos os elementos de compensação de energia reativa. Esses critérios e simplificações são testados de forma independente dos demais, com o objetivo de medir o impacto de cada um deles no valor total de perdas técnicas dos alimentadores da distribuidora. Com isso, essa proposta espera melhorar a metodologia empregada pelo órgão regulador no cálculo das perdas técnicas, especialmente em relação aos critérios adotados, já que os resultados mostram os efeitos reais de alguns dos parâmetros das perdas técnicas nos sistemas de distribuição.
In Brazil, regulatory technical losses of the distribution systems are defined by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency – ANEEL, and the calculated amount defines how much revenue the utility will have to cover the costs due to the energy lost during transportation. The method applied on technical losses calculation is via power flow, thereby systems need to be modeled in detail. In favor of reducing the amount of information required from the utilities, and also of stimulating energy efficiency in the electric systems, ANEEL established parameters for the methodology. However, some of these assumptions and simplifications do not represent real systems and need to be studied more in depth. In this context, this dissertation presents a comparison of the parameters adopted by ANEEL with real parameters identified in the distribution systems, with a case study from Celesc Distribuição, a public utility that counts over three million clients, located in south of Brazil. The study is conducted with Open Distribution System Simulator – OpenDSS, the same software adopted by ANEEL, in which the feeders from the utility are modeled based on the geographic database from the electricity distribution company, referred as BDGD. The regulatory parameters studied are: adoption of ZIP model for power demand loads (50% constant power and 50% constant impedance for active power demand, and 100% constant impedance for the reactive power demand), account of only positive sequence impedance of lines, adoption of regulatory losses for transformers, adoption of 0.92 inductive power factor for all loads and neglect all reactive power from compensation equipment. The assumptions and simplifications are tested independently from one another in order to measure the impact of each one in the total amount of technical losses in the utility’s feeders. Therefore, this proposal seeks to improve the methodology applied by the regulatory agency for the calculation of technical losses concerning the adopted parameters, as the results show a reasonable and realistic understanding of the effects of some parameters regarding technical losses of distribution systems.
In Brazil, regulatory technical losses of the distribution systems are defined by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency – ANEEL, and the calculated amount defines how much revenue the utility will have to cover the costs due to the energy lost during transportation. The method applied on technical losses calculation is via power flow, thereby systems need to be modeled in detail. In favor of reducing the amount of information required from the utilities, and also of stimulating energy efficiency in the electric systems, ANEEL established parameters for the methodology. However, some of these assumptions and simplifications do not represent real systems and need to be studied more in depth. In this context, this dissertation presents a comparison of the parameters adopted by ANEEL with real parameters identified in the distribution systems, with a case study from Celesc Distribuição, a public utility that counts over three million clients, located in south of Brazil. The study is conducted with Open Distribution System Simulator – OpenDSS, the same software adopted by ANEEL, in which the feeders from the utility are modeled based on the geographic database from the electricity distribution company, referred as BDGD. The regulatory parameters studied are: adoption of ZIP model for power demand loads (50% constant power and 50% constant impedance for active power demand, and 100% constant impedance for the reactive power demand), account of only positive sequence impedance of lines, adoption of regulatory losses for transformers, adoption of 0.92 inductive power factor for all loads and neglect all reactive power from compensation equipment. The assumptions and simplifications are tested independently from one another in order to measure the impact of each one in the total amount of technical losses in the utility’s feeders. Therefore, this proposal seeks to improve the methodology applied by the regulatory agency for the calculation of technical losses concerning the adopted parameters, as the results show a reasonable and realistic understanding of the effects of some parameters regarding technical losses of distribution systems.
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PAUL, Júlia Simeoni. Análise dos parâmetros regulatórios no cálculo das perdas técnicas: estudo de caso na Celesc Distribuição. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Sistemas de Energia Elétrica) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2021.
