Análise qualitativa como instrumento de decisão na modelagem numérica de estruturas
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As análises qualitativas caracterizam-se por serem estudos simplificados, uma vez que os seus resultados não são exatos e sua característica principal está relacionada a análise visual dos fenômenos que acontecem nas estruturas, enquanto que as análises numéricas têm particularidades que as tornam mais complexas. Os modelos qualitativos, são restritos a análise do comportamento elástico das estruturas uma vez que são construídos por meio das semelhanças geométricas direta entre a estrutura real e o protótipo sem ter a obrigatoriedade de reproduzir as características do material. Entre as diversas ferramentas disponíveis para a realização das análises qualitativas encontra-se o Kit Molas. Esse sistema consiste em um modelo qualitativo físico de alta deformação que tem como objetivo facilitar o entendimento a respeito do comportamento das estruturas e permitir a visualização das suas deformadas e seus deslocamentos. O modelo possibilita aplicação manual de cargas e a inclusão de elementos que enrijeçam a estrutura, tais como contraventamentos. Esses elementos são arranjos que auxiliam na absorção das solicitações laterais e diminuem ou impedem os deslocamentos. Devem ser tratados com parte indeslocável da estrutura, uma vez que têm como função manter a estabilidade global das edificações. Neste trabalho de conclusão de curso foi realizado inicialmente uma análise qualitativa com o auxílio do modelo estrutural Kit Molas, a fim de determinar arranjos estruturais, por meio do uso de contraventamentos, que se mostrem eficientes em manter a estabilidade global das estruturas. Posteriormente, foram efetuadas análises numéricas, com o auxílio do software Ftool, de maneira a confirmar os comportamentos estruturais já obtidos da análise qualitativa, com o intuito de facilitar a solução final de uma estrutura. Ao fim desta pesquisa constatou-se a validade das análises qualitativas como pré análises numéricas, uma vez que os resultados obtidos se mostraram satisfatórios visto que, o comportamento das estruturas qualitativas e numéricas assemelharam-se em ambas análises.
Qualitative analyzes are characterized by being simplified studies, since their results are not accurate and their main feature is related to the visual analysis of phenomena that happen in structures, while numerical analyzes have particularities that make them more complex. Thus, the main objective of this undergraduate thesis is to use and encourage the use of qualitative analysis before to numerical analysis, in order to find the best structural solutions for buildings and reduce the distance between one analysis and another. Qualitative studies can be carried out with the help of structural models, which can be defined as analytical models that simplify more complex structures. Among the many classifications of structural models are indirect models, direct models, reduced models, dynamic models, and qualitative models. The qualitative models, focus of this coursework, are restricted to the analysis of the elastic behavior of the structures since they are constructed through direct geometric similarities between the real structural and the prototype without having to reproduce the characteristics of the material. Among the various tools available for performing qualitative analyzes is the Kit Molas. This system consists of a qualitative high deformation physical model that aims to facilitate the understanding of the behavior of the structures and allow the visualization of their deformities and their displacements. The model allows manual application of loads and the inclusion of elements that stiffen the structure, such as bracing systens. These elements are arrangements that aid in the absorption of lateral stresses and reduce or prevent dislocation. They must be treated with an indescribable part of the structure, since their function is to maintain the overall stability of the buildings. In this course conclusion work a qualitative Analysis was intianlly be carried out with the aid of the Kit Molas, in order to determine structural arrangements through, the use of braces, which are efficient in maintaining the overall stability of the structures. Subsequently, numerical analyzes were performed, with the help of Ftool software, in order to confirm the structural behaviors already obtained from th qualitative Analysis, in order to facilitate the final solution of a structure. At the end of this research, the validity of qualitative Analysis was verified as pre numerical Analysis, since the results obtained were satisfactory since the behavior of qualitative and numerical structures was similar.
Qualitative analyzes are characterized by being simplified studies, since their results are not accurate and their main feature is related to the visual analysis of phenomena that happen in structures, while numerical analyzes have particularities that make them more complex. Thus, the main objective of this undergraduate thesis is to use and encourage the use of qualitative analysis before to numerical analysis, in order to find the best structural solutions for buildings and reduce the distance between one analysis and another. Qualitative studies can be carried out with the help of structural models, which can be defined as analytical models that simplify more complex structures. Among the many classifications of structural models are indirect models, direct models, reduced models, dynamic models, and qualitative models. The qualitative models, focus of this coursework, are restricted to the analysis of the elastic behavior of the structures since they are constructed through direct geometric similarities between the real structural and the prototype without having to reproduce the characteristics of the material. Among the various tools available for performing qualitative analyzes is the Kit Molas. This system consists of a qualitative high deformation physical model that aims to facilitate the understanding of the behavior of the structures and allow the visualization of their deformities and their displacements. The model allows manual application of loads and the inclusion of elements that stiffen the structure, such as bracing systens. These elements are arrangements that aid in the absorption of lateral stresses and reduce or prevent dislocation. They must be treated with an indescribable part of the structure, since their function is to maintain the overall stability of the buildings. In this course conclusion work a qualitative Analysis was intianlly be carried out with the aid of the Kit Molas, in order to determine structural arrangements through, the use of braces, which are efficient in maintaining the overall stability of the structures. Subsequently, numerical analyzes were performed, with the help of Ftool software, in order to confirm the structural behaviors already obtained from th qualitative Analysis, in order to facilitate the final solution of a structure. At the end of this research, the validity of qualitative Analysis was verified as pre numerical Analysis, since the results obtained were satisfactory since the behavior of qualitative and numerical structures was similar.
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DAL’ ANNIO, Lorena Binhoti. Análise qualitativa como instrumento de decisão na modelagem numérica de estruturas. 2020. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2020
