Ferramenta de suporte à decisão para comercialização de energia elétrica no mercado livre
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Desde a instituição do Ambiente de Contratação Livre no mercado de energia elétrica brasileiro observa-se um crescente interesse dos agentes consumidores em migrar para este ambiente. Esta opção decorre de fatores como a flexibilidade contratual, no que se refere a prazos, condições de pagamento, indexadores e quantidade contratada e, principalmente, pelo fator preço, o qual pode ser consideravelmente mais baixo, além de apresentar maior estabilidade quando comparado às tarifas das distribuidoras. Contudo, as negociações de energia no Ambiente Livre aumentam a exposição dos agentes, sejam eles vendedores ou compradores. Neste caso, devem ser considerados fatores de risco anteriormente inexistentes, como a situação do mercado no momento da contratação, sob a perspectiva da oferta e demanda, e a enorme volatilidade dos preços no mercado de curto prazo para as parcelas Classific ação: Pública descontratadas. O trabalho propõe uma metodologia de gestão de riscos que possibilita gerar cenários probabilísticos e quantificar seus riscos e retornos, permitindo a um agente gerador administrar seu portfólio de energia, calibrando, da melhor maneira possível, os montantes de energia a contratar ou manter descontratados, considerando as possibilidades de ganhos ou perdas futuras, conforme seu nível de aversão a risco. Trata-se de um modelo que propõe informações adicionais sobre os movimentos de preços e que, utilizado em conjunto com outras projeções disponíveis na empresa permite elencar critérios de apoio à decisão diante dos cenários futuros e suas probabilidades de ocorrência.
Since the establishment of the Free Trading Environment in the Brazilian electricity market, there has been an increase in consumers interested in migrating to this market. This option is based on factors such as contractual flexibility, with regard to terms, conditions of payment, indexes and quantity, but mainly by the price, which may be considerably lower, in addition to being more stable when compared to tariffs of distributors. However, energy negotiations in the Free Environment increase the exposure of agents, be they sellers or buyers. In this case, previously non-existent risk factors should be considered, such as the market situation at the time of hiring, from the perspective of supply and demand, and the high volatility of the short-term market prices for the energy portion without contracts. This work proposes a risk management methodology that allows generating a series of probabilistic scenarios and quantifying their risks and returns, allowing a generator agent to manage its energy portfolio, calibrating, in the best possible way, the amounts of energy to be contracted or retained, considering the possibilities of future gains or losses, according to their level of risk aversion. It is a model that proposes additional information on price movements and that, used in conjunction with other projections available in the company, allows to list decision support criteria in the face of future scenarios and their probability of occurrence.
Since the establishment of the Free Trading Environment in the Brazilian electricity market, there has been an increase in consumers interested in migrating to this market. This option is based on factors such as contractual flexibility, with regard to terms, conditions of payment, indexes and quantity, but mainly by the price, which may be considerably lower, in addition to being more stable when compared to tariffs of distributors. However, energy negotiations in the Free Environment increase the exposure of agents, be they sellers or buyers. In this case, previously non-existent risk factors should be considered, such as the market situation at the time of hiring, from the perspective of supply and demand, and the high volatility of the short-term market prices for the energy portion without contracts. This work proposes a risk management methodology that allows generating a series of probabilistic scenarios and quantifying their risks and returns, allowing a generator agent to manage its energy portfolio, calibrating, in the best possible way, the amounts of energy to be contracted or retained, considering the possibilities of future gains or losses, according to their level of risk aversion. It is a model that proposes additional information on price movements and that, used in conjunction with other projections available in the company, allows to list decision support criteria in the face of future scenarios and their probability of occurrence.
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ROSA, Luís Felipe Schramm de Carvalho. Ferramenta de suporte à decisão para comercialização de energia elétrica no mercado livre. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Sistemas de Energia Elétrica) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2021.
