Análise comparativa de estratégias de venda em incorporações imobiliárias em Florianópolis do ponto de vista da viabilidade econômica financeira: vendas durante a obra x vendas pós-obra
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A gestão eficiente do capital próprio constitui um fator determinante para a viabilidade econômico-financeira de empreendimentos imobiliários, especialmente em mercados caracterizados por elevada valorização, como o município de Florianópolis. Este trabalho realizou uma análise comparativa entre duas estratégias de comercialização aplicadas a um empreendimento residencial localizado no bairro Canto da Lagoa, distrito da Lagoa da Conceição: a primeira baseada na comercialização progressiva das unidades durante a execução da obra e a segunda fundamentada na venda total das unidades apenas após a conclusão do empreendimento. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de um estudo de caso, utilizando dados reais de orçamento, planejamento físico-financeiro e cronograma de obra fornecidos pela construtora responsável. A projeção do fluxo de vendas foi embasada em pesquisa de mercado junto a imobiliárias atuantes na região, análise do perfil demográfico local e aplicação de metodologia consolidada para estimativa da velocidade de absorção do mercado. A partir dessas informações, foram elaborados fluxos de caixa para os diferentes cenários de comercialização, considerando a venda das unidades durante a obra — em um cenário com financiamento integral por capital próprio e outro com complementação por financiamento bancário — e um modelo de comercialização apenas após a conclusão da obra, financiado exclusivamente com capital próprio. A avaliação da viabilidade econômico-financeira foi realizada por meio dos indicadores Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e Taxa Interna de Retorno Modificada (TIRM), calculados com base em taxas reais compatíveis com a metodologia de moeda forte adotada. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o modelo de vendas progressivas durante a obra com financiamento próprio apresentou maior eficiência na gestão do capital próprio, reduzindo a necessidade de aportes concentrados e proporcionando melhor equilíbrio do fluxo de caixa ao longo do ciclo do empreendimento. Em contrapartida, o modelo de vendas após a conclusão da obra evidenciou maior dependência de capital próprio durante a fase de execução, resultando em maior exposição financeira, embora apresente maior valorização das unidades no momento da comercialização. Conclui-se que a estratégia de comercialização exerce influência direta sobre a viabilidade econômico-financeira e o risco do empreendimento, sendo a venda durante a obra mais eficiente sob a ótica da gestão do capital próprio, enquanto a venda pós-obra pode ser vantajosa em contextos de forte valorização imobiliária, desde que o incorporador disponha de elevada capacidade financeira para suportar o investimento inicial.
The efficient management of equity capital is a determining factor for the economic and financial feasibility of real estate developments, especially in markets characterized by high appreciation, such as the municipality of Florianópolis. This study conducted a comparative analysis of two sales strategies applied to a residential development located in the Canto da Lagoa neighborhood, within the Lagoa da Conceição district: the first based on the progressive sale of units during the construction phase and the second based on the total sale of units only after the completion of the development. The research was carried out through a case study, using real data on budget, physical and financial planning, and construction schedule provided by the responsible developer. The projection of the sales flow was based on market research conducted with real estate agencies operating in the region, analysis of the local demographic profile, and the application of a consolidated methodology to estimate market absorption velocity. Based on this information, cash flows were developed for the different sales scenarios, considering unit sales during construction—under a scenario fully financed with equity capital and another with supplementary bank financing—and a sales model in which commercialization occurs only after the completion of the construction, fully financed with equity capital. The assessment of economic and financial feasibility was performed using the Net Present Value (NPV) and Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) indicators, calculated using real rates consistent with the strong currency methodology adopted. The results demonstrated that the progressive sales model during construction with equity financing presented greater efficiency in equity capital management, reducing the need for concentrated capital contributions and providing better cash flow balance throughout the project’s lifecycle. Conversely, the post-completion sales model showed a higher dependence on equity capital during the construction phase, resulting in greater financial exposure, although it offers higher unit appreciation at the time of sale. It is concluded that the choice of sales strategy has a direct influence on the economic and financial feasibility and risk of the development, with sales during construction being more efficient from an equity management perspective, while post-construction sales may be advantageous in contexts of strong real estate appreciation, provided that the developer has sufficient financial capacity to sustain the initial investment.
The efficient management of equity capital is a determining factor for the economic and financial feasibility of real estate developments, especially in markets characterized by high appreciation, such as the municipality of Florianópolis. This study conducted a comparative analysis of two sales strategies applied to a residential development located in the Canto da Lagoa neighborhood, within the Lagoa da Conceição district: the first based on the progressive sale of units during the construction phase and the second based on the total sale of units only after the completion of the development. The research was carried out through a case study, using real data on budget, physical and financial planning, and construction schedule provided by the responsible developer. The projection of the sales flow was based on market research conducted with real estate agencies operating in the region, analysis of the local demographic profile, and the application of a consolidated methodology to estimate market absorption velocity. Based on this information, cash flows were developed for the different sales scenarios, considering unit sales during construction—under a scenario fully financed with equity capital and another with supplementary bank financing—and a sales model in which commercialization occurs only after the completion of the construction, fully financed with equity capital. The assessment of economic and financial feasibility was performed using the Net Present Value (NPV) and Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) indicators, calculated using real rates consistent with the strong currency methodology adopted. The results demonstrated that the progressive sales model during construction with equity financing presented greater efficiency in equity capital management, reducing the need for concentrated capital contributions and providing better cash flow balance throughout the project’s lifecycle. Conversely, the post-completion sales model showed a higher dependence on equity capital during the construction phase, resulting in greater financial exposure, although it offers higher unit appreciation at the time of sale. It is concluded that the choice of sales strategy has a direct influence on the economic and financial feasibility and risk of the development, with sales during construction being more efficient from an equity management perspective, while post-construction sales may be advantageous in contexts of strong real estate appreciation, provided that the developer has sufficient financial capacity to sustain the initial investment.
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RAMOS, Guilherme Machado. Análise comparativa de estratégias de venda em incorporações imobiliárias em Florianópolis do ponto de vista da viabilidade econômica financeira: vendas durante a obra x vendas pós-obra. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2025.
