Comparação entre métodos de previsão de capacidade de carga para cálculo de fundações profundas: estudo de caso em Jurerê / Florianópolis – SC
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As fundações têm como objetivo transferir as cargas da superestrutura ao terreno. Sua função é resistir as cargas que atuam sobre elas de forma satisfatória, com segurança e economia. Para que uma fundação seja dimensionada e atue de forma eficiente, aplica-se conhecimentos desenvolvidos por autores que adotam diferentes métodos para previsão de capacidade de carga. Este trabalho se propôs a prever a capacidade de carga de fundação executada com hélice contínua para quatro pilares de um edifício de oito pavimentos, por meio dos métodos semiempíricos de Aoki & Velloso, Décourt & Quaresma e Antunes & Cabral. Após obter os resultados, esses foram confrontados de forma a eleger o método mais adequado para o cálculo da capacidade de carga de fundação de todo o edifício e comparar os resultados com a fundação executada. Pela análise da aplicação dos métodos semiempíricos, observou-se valores maiores de resistência de ponta para o método Aoki & Velloso destacando-se em solos arenosos, valores maiores de resistência lateral para o método Décourt & Quaresma, e quanto a resistência total, destacou-se o método Aoki & Velloso para solos arenosos com maior Nspt e Décourt & Quaresma para solos argilosos com valores de Nspt menores. Através dos resultados, pode-se constatar que não existe um método que, em regra, sobressai ao outro. Os resultados dependem da característica de cada solo a ser analisado. Para o local do estudo, conclui- se que o método mais efetivo é o de Aoki & Velloso por apresentar, de forma geral, valores superiores nas resistências totais nas camadas arenosas de maior resistência, onde busca-se posicionar a ponta das estacas. Na comparação com a obra executada, esse método propôs quantidade de estacas que coincidiram com a obra ou mesmo valores abaixo do executado, diferente do ocorrido com os outros métodos. Efetuando os cálculos dos 50 pilares, concluiu-se que as camadas de solo entre 9 metros e 14 metros possuem resistência suficiente para as cargas propostas. Observa-se a existência de extensa camada de argila mole e argila muito mole presente abaixo da cota de 16 metros até por volta de 30 metros. Destaca-se que o projetista da obra considerou fatores de efeitos de compressão dessa camada mole logo abaixo da camada resistente, posicionando 67% das estacas descarregando suas cargas nas camadas firmes mais profundas. Calculou-se a metragem necessária de perfuração, encontrando-se um valor de 729 metros contra 1858,5 metros executados em obra, observando-se uma diferença de 155%. Essa diferença de metragem foi utilizada para ultrapassar a camada mole existente na faixa entre 16 metros e 30 metros de forma a alcançar o solo resistente nas camadas mais profundas.
The foundations are designed to transfer loads from the superstructure to the terrain. Your function is to resist as loads that act on it satisfactorily, safely, and economically. For a foundation to be dimensioned and act efficiently, we apply knowledge developed by authors who use different methods for forecasting load capacity. This work aimed to predict the foundation load capacity executed with a continuous propeller for four pillars of an eight-story building, using the semi-empirical methods of Aoki & Velloso, Décourt & Quaresma and Antunes & Cabral. After obtaining the results, they were compared in order to choose the most appropriate method for calculating the foundation load capacity of the entire building and comparing the results with the executed foundation. Analyzing the application of the semi- empirical methods, higher values of peak resistance were observed for the Aoki & Velloso method, standing out in sandy soils, higher values of lateral resistance for the Décourt & Quaresma method, and as for the total resistance, it was highlighted the Aoki & Velloso method for sandy soils with higher Nspt and Décourt & Quaresma for clay soils with lower Nspt values. Through the results, it can be seen that there is no method that, as a rule, stands out from the other. The results depend on the characteristics of each soil to be analyzed. For the study site, it is concluded that the most effective method is that of Aoki & Velloso because it presents, in general, higher values in the total resistances in the sandy layers of greater resistance, where it is sought to position the tip of the piles. In comparison with the work performed, this method proposed a number of piles that coincided with the work or even values below the work, different from what happened with the other methods. Performing the calculations of the 50 pillars, it was concluded that the soil layers between 9 meters and 14 meters have sufficient strength for the proposed loads. It is observed the existence of an extensive layer of soft clay and very soft clay present below the level of 16 meters up to around 30 meters. It is noteworthy that the designer of the work considered factors of compression effects of this soft layer just below the resistant layer, placing 67% of the piles discharging their loads in the deepest firm layers. The required drilling length was calculated, finding a value of 729 meters against 1858.5 meters executed on site, observing a difference of 155%. This difference in length was used to overcome the existing soft layer in the range between 16 meters and 30 meters in order to reach the resistant soil in the deeper layers.
The foundations are designed to transfer loads from the superstructure to the terrain. Your function is to resist as loads that act on it satisfactorily, safely, and economically. For a foundation to be dimensioned and act efficiently, we apply knowledge developed by authors who use different methods for forecasting load capacity. This work aimed to predict the foundation load capacity executed with a continuous propeller for four pillars of an eight-story building, using the semi-empirical methods of Aoki & Velloso, Décourt & Quaresma and Antunes & Cabral. After obtaining the results, they were compared in order to choose the most appropriate method for calculating the foundation load capacity of the entire building and comparing the results with the executed foundation. Analyzing the application of the semi- empirical methods, higher values of peak resistance were observed for the Aoki & Velloso method, standing out in sandy soils, higher values of lateral resistance for the Décourt & Quaresma method, and as for the total resistance, it was highlighted the Aoki & Velloso method for sandy soils with higher Nspt and Décourt & Quaresma for clay soils with lower Nspt values. Through the results, it can be seen that there is no method that, as a rule, stands out from the other. The results depend on the characteristics of each soil to be analyzed. For the study site, it is concluded that the most effective method is that of Aoki & Velloso because it presents, in general, higher values in the total resistances in the sandy layers of greater resistance, where it is sought to position the tip of the piles. In comparison with the work performed, this method proposed a number of piles that coincided with the work or even values below the work, different from what happened with the other methods. Performing the calculations of the 50 pillars, it was concluded that the soil layers between 9 meters and 14 meters have sufficient strength for the proposed loads. It is observed the existence of an extensive layer of soft clay and very soft clay present below the level of 16 meters up to around 30 meters. It is noteworthy that the designer of the work considered factors of compression effects of this soft layer just below the resistant layer, placing 67% of the piles discharging their loads in the deepest firm layers. The required drilling length was calculated, finding a value of 729 meters against 1858.5 meters executed on site, observing a difference of 155%. This difference in length was used to overcome the existing soft layer in the range between 16 meters and 30 meters in order to reach the resistant soil in the deeper layers.
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CARBONI, Leonardo Augusto. Comparação entre métodos de previsão de capacidade de carga para cálculo de fundações profundas: estudo de caso em Jurerê / Florianópolis – SC. 2021. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2021
