Gerência de rejeitos radioativos em um serviço de medicina nuclear
Data
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A Medicina Nuclear faz uso de radionuclídeos em estado não selado, associados a moléculas com afinidade biológica, resultando na formação de radiofármacos empregados com finalidades diagnósticas e terapêuticas. A utilização desses compostos implica na geração de rejeitos radioativos, cuja gestão demanda atenção rigorosa, considerando os riscos de exposição ocupacional, contaminação ambiental e impactos à saúde pública. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a gestão de rejeitos radioativos em um serviço de Medicina Nuclear. Para tanto foi realizada análise documental e do exame dos registros de rastreabilidade dos resíduos. No período de 24 de março a 24 de junho de 2025. As etapas metodológicas incluíram o acesso à base de dados da clínica, a coleta e análise dos registros, a elaboração de instruções técnicas e a inquirição documental do serviço. Os resultados demonstraram que o tecnécio-99m foi o principal radionuclídeo gerador de rejeitos, totalizando 71 kg no período avaliado, seguido pelo iodo-131 (23,5 kg) e pelo flúor-18 (4 kg). Identificou-se, ainda, um volume significativo de resíduos não caracterizados na radiofarmácia, sobretudo decorrentes da radioiodoterapia, com destaque para 120 kg de roupas contaminadas e 23 kg de resíduos provenientes de excretas e materiais descartáveis. A demanda por recipientes para materiais perfurocortantes e sacos hospitalares indicou a necessidade de um controle mais sistemático e contínuo desses insumos. A gestão do Iodo-131 apresentou desafios adicionais, atribuídos à sua meia-vida prolongada, que demanda armazenamento por períodos estendidos. Ademais, foram constatadas falhas pontuais nos registros de rastreabilidade, como a ausência de identificação de boxes e datas de liberação, evidenciando a necessidade de revisão e formalização de certos procedimentos operacionais. Apesar de o serviço estudado atender às exigências normativas da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), observou-se a existência de oportunidades para melhorias estruturais, de organização logística e de padronização documental. Conclui-se que a monitoração contínua, aliada à implementação de boas práticas, é essencial para assegurar a segurança ocupacional, ambiental e populacional no gerenciamento de rejeitos radioativos em serviços de Medicina Nuclear.
Nuclear Medicine makes use of unsealed radionuclides, associated with molecules with biological affinity, resulting in the formation of radiopharmaceuticals employed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The use of these compounds implies the generation of radioactive waste, the management of which requires strict attention, considering the risks of occupational exposure, environmental contamination, and impacts on public health. This study aimed to analyze the management of radioactive waste in a Nuclear Medicine service. To this end, a documentary analysis and an examination of waste traceability records were carried out between March 24 and June 24, 2025. The methodological steps included access to the clinic’s database, the collection and analysis of records, the preparation of technical instructions, and the documentary inquiry of the service. The results showed that technetium-99m was the main radionuclide generating waste, totaling 71 kg in the evaluated period, followed by iodine-131 (23.5 kg) and fluorine-18 (4 kg). A significant volume of uncharacterized waste was also identified in the radiopharmacy, mainly from radioiodine therapy, notably 120 kg of contaminated clothing and 23 kg of waste from excreta and disposable materials. The demand for sharps containers and hospital waste bags indicated the need for more systematic and continuous control of these supplies. The management of iodine-131 presented additional challenges, attributed to its prolonged half-life, which requires extended storage periods. Furthermore, punctual failures were observed in the traceability records, such as the absence of box identification and release dates, highlighting the need for review and formalization of certain operational procedures. Although the studied service meets the regulatory requirements of the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), opportunities for structural improvements, logistical organization, and document standardization were observed. It is concluded that continuous monitoring, combined with the implementation of good practices, is essential to ensure occupational, environmental, and public safety in the management of radioactive waste in Nuclear Medicine services.
Nuclear Medicine makes use of unsealed radionuclides, associated with molecules with biological affinity, resulting in the formation of radiopharmaceuticals employed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The use of these compounds implies the generation of radioactive waste, the management of which requires strict attention, considering the risks of occupational exposure, environmental contamination, and impacts on public health. This study aimed to analyze the management of radioactive waste in a Nuclear Medicine service. To this end, a documentary analysis and an examination of waste traceability records were carried out between March 24 and June 24, 2025. The methodological steps included access to the clinic’s database, the collection and analysis of records, the preparation of technical instructions, and the documentary inquiry of the service. The results showed that technetium-99m was the main radionuclide generating waste, totaling 71 kg in the evaluated period, followed by iodine-131 (23.5 kg) and fluorine-18 (4 kg). A significant volume of uncharacterized waste was also identified in the radiopharmacy, mainly from radioiodine therapy, notably 120 kg of contaminated clothing and 23 kg of waste from excreta and disposable materials. The demand for sharps containers and hospital waste bags indicated the need for more systematic and continuous control of these supplies. The management of iodine-131 presented additional challenges, attributed to its prolonged half-life, which requires extended storage periods. Furthermore, punctual failures were observed in the traceability records, such as the absence of box identification and release dates, highlighting the need for review and formalization of certain operational procedures. Although the studied service meets the regulatory requirements of the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), opportunities for structural improvements, logistical organization, and document standardization were observed. It is concluded that continuous monitoring, combined with the implementation of good practices, is essential to ensure occupational, environmental, and public safety in the management of radioactive waste in Nuclear Medicine services.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Citação
MATTEI, Victor. Gerência de rejeitos radioativos em um serviço de medicina nuclear. 2025. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Superior de Tecnologia em Radiologia) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2025
