Análise da variação do tempo de concentração de sub-bacia hidrográfica em função do uso e ocupação do solo
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O desenvolvimento da humanidade resulta da necessidade de ocupar um espaço para acolher um conjunto de pessoas. As organizações iniciaram na época das cavernas e desde então a população busca locais que garantam a sua permanência. Uma vez que os núcleos urbanos passaram a desenvolver-se, houve uma preocupação com a ocupação racional dos espaços. A ocupação dos centros urbanos ocorreu de forma rápida, principalmente ao longo da costa brasileira, no entanto, as políticas públicas não acompanharam tal processo. Desta forma, o crescimento dessas áreas veio seguido de problemas sociais e ambientais, como inundações e enchentes urbanas. Com relação ao problema gerado pela ocupação desordenada do solo nas cidades, em específico, as enchentes, percebe-se que os órgãos responsáveis não tratam o assunto com a atenção que o mesmo necessita. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo relacionar o uso e a ocupação do solo de uma área litorânea com o tempo de concentração de uma bacia hidrográfica. Mais especificamente, a área de estudo compreende parte da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Biguaçu, em específico aquela pertencente a cidade de Biguaçu, no estado de Santa Catarina. Para cumprir o objetivo estabelecido nesse estudo, executa-se processos como a revisão de literatura, a delimitação da área, a coleta de dados, a produção de mapas de uso e ocupação do solo com o software Quantum GIS (QGIS), o cálculo do tempo de concentração por diferentes métodos e em diferentes datas e analisa-se a variação do tempo de concentração em função do uso e ocupação do solo. A produção de mapas de uso e ocupação do solo com o auxílio do software QGIS é realizada a partir de imagens de satélite, tanto as imagens quanto o software utilizado apresentam caráter livre e gratuito. Realiza-se o cálculo do tempo de concentração da bacia hidrográfica mediante dois métodos semi-empíricos, a do Soil Conservation Service (SCS) e da Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Com o propósito de analisar a variação do tempo de concentração da bacia hidrográfica no decorrer dos anos, adotam-se três diferentes datas de investigação, 1997, 2008 e 2018. Após a análise dos resultados, verifica-se que, a maior variação do tempo de concentração foi a redução de 28,21% no período entre 1997 e 2008 e que os métodos SCS e FAA apresentam valores similares.
The development of humanity results from the need to occupy a space to welcome a group of people. The organizations began in the time of the caves and since then the population looks for places that guarantee its permanence. Once the urban nuclei began to develop, there was a concern with the rational occupation of spaces. The occupation of the urban centers occurred quickly, mainly along the Brazilian coast, however, the public policies did not follow this process. In this way, the growth of these areas was followed by social and environmental problems, such as floods and urban floods. With regard to the problem generated by the disordered occupation of the soil in cities, in particular, the floods, it is noticed that the responsible organs do not treat the subject with the attention that it needs. In this context, this research aims to relate the use and occupation of the soil of a coastal area with the time of concentration of a river basin. More specifically, the study area comprises part of the Biguaçu river basin, specifically that pertaining to the city of Biguaçu, in the state of Santa Catarina. In order to fulfill the objective established in this study, processes such as literature review, area delimitation, data collection, production of land use and occupation maps with Quantum GIS software (QGIS), calculation of concentration time by different methods and in different dates and the analysis of the variation of concentration time in function of the use and occupation of the soil. The production of maps of land use and occupation with the help of QGIS software is carried out from satellite images, both the images and the software used are free. The basin concentration time is calculated by two semi-empirical methods, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In order to analyze the variation of the time of concentration of the river basin over the years, three different dates of investigation, 1997, 2008 and 2018 are adopted. After the analysis of the results, it was verified that the greatest variation of the concentration time was the reduction of 28.21% in the period between 1997 and 2008 and that the SCS and FAA methods presented similar values.
The development of humanity results from the need to occupy a space to welcome a group of people. The organizations began in the time of the caves and since then the population looks for places that guarantee its permanence. Once the urban nuclei began to develop, there was a concern with the rational occupation of spaces. The occupation of the urban centers occurred quickly, mainly along the Brazilian coast, however, the public policies did not follow this process. In this way, the growth of these areas was followed by social and environmental problems, such as floods and urban floods. With regard to the problem generated by the disordered occupation of the soil in cities, in particular, the floods, it is noticed that the responsible organs do not treat the subject with the attention that it needs. In this context, this research aims to relate the use and occupation of the soil of a coastal area with the time of concentration of a river basin. More specifically, the study area comprises part of the Biguaçu river basin, specifically that pertaining to the city of Biguaçu, in the state of Santa Catarina. In order to fulfill the objective established in this study, processes such as literature review, area delimitation, data collection, production of land use and occupation maps with Quantum GIS software (QGIS), calculation of concentration time by different methods and in different dates and the analysis of the variation of concentration time in function of the use and occupation of the soil. The production of maps of land use and occupation with the help of QGIS software is carried out from satellite images, both the images and the software used are free. The basin concentration time is calculated by two semi-empirical methods, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In order to analyze the variation of the time of concentration of the river basin over the years, three different dates of investigation, 1997, 2008 and 2018 are adopted. After the analysis of the results, it was verified that the greatest variation of the concentration time was the reduction of 28.21% in the period between 1997 and 2008 and that the SCS and FAA methods presented similar values.
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DAL’ ANNIO, Larissa Binhoti. Análise da variação do tempo de concentração de sub-bacia hidrográfica em função do uso e ocupação do solo. 2019. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2019
