Derivativos de energia como mitigação de exposições financeiras na comercialização de energia elétrica
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Ao longo das mudanças do Setor Elétrico Brasileiro (SEB) ocorridas nos últimos anos, foram criados os Ambiente de Contratação Regulado (ACR) onde fazem parte principalmente distribuidoras, consumidores cativos e geradores, e o Ambiente de Contratação Livre (ACL) onde atuam geradores, autoprodutores, consumidores livres e comercializadores de energia, que negociam entre si livremente as condições comerciais de contratos de compra e venda de energia. O ACL possibilita a previsibilidade de orçamento, negociação de preços e condições de entrega de energia, por esses motivos vem aumentado a quantidade de agentes e por consequência a quantidade de negociações. Além do mais, a atividade de comercialização de energia também vem crescendo dentro desse mercado já que a quantidade de energia negociada é 3,95 vezes maior que a consumida pelos agentes no ACL. Contudo, é necessário observar e mitigar os riscos associados à atividade de comercialização de energia, afim que sejam realizadas ações para assegurar o bom funcionamento sem impacto aos demais agentes do ACL. Os Derivativos de energia podem ser uma alternativa para a redução dos riscos. A fim de compreender os tipos de derivativos financeiros que podem ser aplicados no mercado de energia elétrica, verificar onde e como são negociadas as operações de energia no meio físico e listar quais são os riscos associados na comercialização de energia elétrica, se faz necessário realizar uma pesquisa exploratória sobre esta modalidade. Ainda neste trabalho, são realizadas simulações de cenários com o uso de derivativos de energia, analisando a mitigação dos riscos intrínsecos à comercialização de energia elétrica.
The changes in the Brazilian Electricity Sector (SEB) that have occurred in recent years, the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) was created, comprising distributors, captive consumers and generators, and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL) where generators, self-producers, free consumers and energy traders operate, who freely negotiate the commercial conditions of energy purchase and sale agreements with each other. The ACL enables budget predictability, price negotiation and energy delivery conditions, for these reasons the number of agents has increased and consequently the number of negotiations, in addition to the energy trading activity has also been growing within this market since the amount of energy traded is 3.95 times greater than that consumed by agents in the ACL. However, it is necessary to observe and mitigate the risks associated with the energy trading activity, so that actions are taken to ensure smooth operation without impacting other ACL agents. Energy Derivatives can be an alternative for risk reduction. In order to understand the types of financial derivatives that can be applied in the electricity market, to verify where and how energy operations are traded in the physical environment and to list the risks associated with the sale of electricity, it is necessary to carry out a exploratory research on this modality. Also in this work, simulations of scenarios are carried out using energy derivatives, analyzing the mitigation of intrinsic risks to the commercialization of electric energy.
The changes in the Brazilian Electricity Sector (SEB) that have occurred in recent years, the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) was created, comprising distributors, captive consumers and generators, and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL) where generators, self-producers, free consumers and energy traders operate, who freely negotiate the commercial conditions of energy purchase and sale agreements with each other. The ACL enables budget predictability, price negotiation and energy delivery conditions, for these reasons the number of agents has increased and consequently the number of negotiations, in addition to the energy trading activity has also been growing within this market since the amount of energy traded is 3.95 times greater than that consumed by agents in the ACL. However, it is necessary to observe and mitigate the risks associated with the energy trading activity, so that actions are taken to ensure smooth operation without impacting other ACL agents. Energy Derivatives can be an alternative for risk reduction. In order to understand the types of financial derivatives that can be applied in the electricity market, to verify where and how energy operations are traded in the physical environment and to list the risks associated with the sale of electricity, it is necessary to carry out a exploratory research on this modality. Also in this work, simulations of scenarios are carried out using energy derivatives, analyzing the mitigation of intrinsic risks to the commercialization of electric energy.
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GOLFETTO, Tiago Marcos. Derivativos de energia como mitigação de exposições financeiras na comercialização de energia elétrica. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Elétrica) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2022.
