Desenvolvimento e validação da equivalência em Unidades Hounsfield de um fantoma tomográfico canino da raça dachshund
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O crescimento da população de animais de companhia exige o aprimoramento constante na exatidão dos radiodiagnósticos por Tomografia Computadorizada (TC). Contudo, a otimização de tabelas de exposição e protocolos esbarra em barreiras éticas, visto que a irradiação experimental de espécimes vivos é proibida. Diante disso, os fantomas surgem como alternativas metodológicas indispensáveis para o controle de qualidade e calibração de equipamentos. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a validação da equivalência em Unidades de Hounsfield de um fantoma personalizado da região abdominal de um cão da raça Dachshund, animal geneticamente suscetível à mutação do gene FGF4 e, por consequência, fenotipicamente predisposto à Doença do Disco Intervertebral (DDIV). A partir de dados DICOM retrospectivos de uma TC de abdome, realizou-se a segmentação digital no software 3D Slicer e o pós- processamento de malhas no Meshmixer. A manufatura aditiva foi executada por meio da tecnologia de fabricação por filamento fundido (FFF) em uma impressora Creality K2 Plus. Para mimetizar o tecido ósseo, utilizou-se o filamento radiopaco patenteado XCT-A (ABS RAD), modulando-se o percentual de preenchimento infill para diferenciar o osso cortical (100% infill) do trabecular (65% infill). A metodologia englobou a padronização da cura térmica em micro-ondas do composto polimérico Plastisol 5225 para a mimetização independente e flexível dos discos intervertebrais. A simulação global dos tecidos moles foi realizada utilizando água destilada inserida em um invólucro impresso em ABS padrão, previamente tratado com banho de acetona para garantir impermeabilidade. A validação experimental foi realizada em um tomógrafo Philips Ingenuity de 64 canais no Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago (HU-UFSC), transpondo com sucesso o protocolo clínico de rotina de um equipamento de 16 canais. A análise quantitativa por Regiões de Interesse (ROI) no software Weasis confirmou a equivalência radiológica dos materiais, com valores de atenuação expressos em Unidades Hounsfield (HU) fidedignos aos tecidos biológicos in vivo do estudo-base. O fantoma consolidou-se como uma ferramenta de baixo custo e alta fidelidade anatômica, eticamente viável e que cumpre com o princípio ALARA.
The growth of the pet population demands constant improvements to the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) diagnostic imaging. However, optimising exposure tables and protocols faces ethical barriers given that irradiating live specimens experimentally is prohibited. Consequently, phantoms have become an indispensable methodological alternative for quality control and equipment calibration. This study presents the development and validation of the Hounsfield Unit equivalence of a customised phantom of a Dachshund's abdominal region. This animal is genetically susceptible to the FGF4 gene mutation and, consequently, phenotypically predisposed to Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). Based on retrospective DICOM data from a abdominal region CT scan, digital segmentation was performed using 3D Slicer software, followed by mesh post- processing in Meshmixer. Additive manufacturing was executed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology on a Creality K2 Plus printer. To mimic bone tissue, the patented radiopaque XCT-A (ABS RAD) filament was used, with the infill percentage modulated to differentiate between cortical bone (100% infill) and trabecular bone (65% infill). The methodology included standardising the microwave thermal curing of the Plastisol 5225 polymer compound to independently and flexibly mimic the intervertebral discs. Global simulation of soft tissues was performed using distilled water inside a watertight, standard ABS- printed shell that had been treated with an acetone bath to ensure impermeability. Experimental validation was carried out on a 64-channel Philips Ingenuity CT scanner at the Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital (HU-UFSC), successfully transferring the routine clinical protocol from 16-channel equipment. Quantitative analysis using the Regions of Interest (ROI) tool in the Weasis software package confirmed the radiological equivalence of the materials, with attenuation values expressed in Hounsfield units (HU) that were comparable to those of the biological tissues in vivo from the baseline-study. The phantom proved to be a low-cost, anatomically faithful tool that is ethically viable and complies with the ALARA principle.
The growth of the pet population demands constant improvements to the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) diagnostic imaging. However, optimising exposure tables and protocols faces ethical barriers given that irradiating live specimens experimentally is prohibited. Consequently, phantoms have become an indispensable methodological alternative for quality control and equipment calibration. This study presents the development and validation of the Hounsfield Unit equivalence of a customised phantom of a Dachshund's abdominal region. This animal is genetically susceptible to the FGF4 gene mutation and, consequently, phenotypically predisposed to Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). Based on retrospective DICOM data from a abdominal region CT scan, digital segmentation was performed using 3D Slicer software, followed by mesh post- processing in Meshmixer. Additive manufacturing was executed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology on a Creality K2 Plus printer. To mimic bone tissue, the patented radiopaque XCT-A (ABS RAD) filament was used, with the infill percentage modulated to differentiate between cortical bone (100% infill) and trabecular bone (65% infill). The methodology included standardising the microwave thermal curing of the Plastisol 5225 polymer compound to independently and flexibly mimic the intervertebral discs. Global simulation of soft tissues was performed using distilled water inside a watertight, standard ABS- printed shell that had been treated with an acetone bath to ensure impermeability. Experimental validation was carried out on a 64-channel Philips Ingenuity CT scanner at the Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital (HU-UFSC), successfully transferring the routine clinical protocol from 16-channel equipment. Quantitative analysis using the Regions of Interest (ROI) tool in the Weasis software package confirmed the radiological equivalence of the materials, with attenuation values expressed in Hounsfield units (HU) that were comparable to those of the biological tissues in vivo from the baseline-study. The phantom proved to be a low-cost, anatomically faithful tool that is ethically viable and complies with the ALARA principle.
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SCHUTZ, Vitória. Desenvolvimento e validação da equivalência em Unidades Hounsfield de um fantoma tomográfico canino da raça dachshund. 2026. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Superior de Tecnologia em Radiologia) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2026
