Influência do clima e ambiente sobre a distribuição espaço-temporal da doença de Haff na Amazônia
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Este estudo busca apresentar, de forma objetiva, as possíveis influências que o clima e o ambiente podem exercer sobre a Doença de Haff. Essa doença caracteriza-se por uma rabdomiólise de origem desconhecida. Entretanto, considerou-se nesta pesquisa, como causa provável, as ficotoxinas produzidas por microalgas e transferidas a pescados. No Brasil, a Doença de Haff é registrada desde 2008 na região amazônica, associada ao consumo de peixes como Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e Pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus). Nos últimos anos, o número e a frequência dos casos têm aumentado, refletindo, talvez, as alterações que são observadas no clima e no ambiente da região. Dessa forma, o objetivo da pesquisa é a análise e o mapeamento da Doença de Haff na Bacia Amazônica (BA), verificando relações entre variáveis climáticas e ambientais com as ocorrências da doença. Registros da doença, de 2008 a 2024, foram obtidos junto aos órgãos estaduais de saúde e Ministério da Saúde. Dados climáticos de precipitação e radiação foram coletados por meio de reanálises ERA5 e de plataformas científicas, tais como: Centro Europeu de Previsão de Tempo a Médio Prazo (ECMWF), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), Ministério da Saúde (MS), além de softwares como QGIS para confecção de mapas e ERA5-Land para reanálises de dados climatológicos. Registros diários da cota do Rio Negro, em Manaus, e do Rio Amazonas, em Itacoatiara, desde 2009 até 2024, foram retirados do site do Porto de Manaus. As análises dos dados mostram que os municípios de Itacoatiara e Manaus, no Amazonas, e de Santarém, no Pará, são os que registram o maior número de casos. Os dados também sugerem que a Doença de Haff ocorre em ciclos associados a variações ambientais e climáticas. O pico da doença acontece entre os meses de agosto e outubro, logo após o pico de cheia dos rios, que ocorre em junho. Essa maior ou menor elevação dos níveis dos rios tem influência direta do volume total de pluviosidade nas cabeceiras dos rios que formam a bacia hidrográfica. A radiação solar também parece ser um fator importante para o aumento da ocorrência da doença, uma vez que influencia diretamente na produtividade primária, promovendo o desenvolvimento dos organismos fotossintetizantes. As relações entre o clima, o ambiente e a doença necessitam de maiores estudos para aprofundar a compreensão desses parâmetros.
This study seeks to objectively present the possible influences that climate and environment may have on Haff disease. This disease is characterized by rhabdomyolysis of unknown origin; however, in this study, we consider the likely cause to be phycotoxins produced by microalgae and transferred to fish. In Brazil, Haff disease has been recorded since 2008 in the Amazon region, associated with the consumption of fish such as pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), and pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus). In recent years, the number and frequency of cases have increased, perhaps reflecting changes observed in the region's climate and environment. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze and map Haff disease in the Amazon Basin (AB), verifying relationships between climatic and environmental variables and the occurrence of the disease. Records of the disease from 2008 to 2024 were obtained from state health agencies and the Ministry of Health. Climate data on precipitation and radiation were collected through ERA5 reanalyses and scientific platforms such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Water Agency (ANA), the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), the Ministry of Health (MS), and software such as QGIS for mapmaking and ERA5-Land for climate data reanalysis. Daily records of the water level of the Rio Negro in Manaus and the Amazon River in Itacoatiara, from 2009 to 2024, were taken from the Port of Manaus website. Data analysis shows that the municipalities of Itacoatiara and Manaus in Amazonas and Santarém in Pará have the highest number of cases. The data also suggest that Haff disease occurs in cycles associated with environmental and climatic variations. The peak of the disease occurs between August and October, shortly after the peak of the river floods, which occurs in June. This greater or lesser rise in river levels has a direct influence on the total volume of rainfall at the headwaters of the rivers that form the Hydrographic Basin. Solar radiation also appears to be an important factor in the increased occurrence of the disease, as it directly influences primary productivity, promoting the development of photosynthetic organisms. The relationships between climate and the environment and the disease require further study to deepen our understanding of the relationships between these parameters.
This study seeks to objectively present the possible influences that climate and environment may have on Haff disease. This disease is characterized by rhabdomyolysis of unknown origin; however, in this study, we consider the likely cause to be phycotoxins produced by microalgae and transferred to fish. In Brazil, Haff disease has been recorded since 2008 in the Amazon region, associated with the consumption of fish such as pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), and pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus). In recent years, the number and frequency of cases have increased, perhaps reflecting changes observed in the region's climate and environment. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze and map Haff disease in the Amazon Basin (AB), verifying relationships between climatic and environmental variables and the occurrence of the disease. Records of the disease from 2008 to 2024 were obtained from state health agencies and the Ministry of Health. Climate data on precipitation and radiation were collected through ERA5 reanalyses and scientific platforms such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Water Agency (ANA), the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), the Ministry of Health (MS), and software such as QGIS for mapmaking and ERA5-Land for climate data reanalysis. Daily records of the water level of the Rio Negro in Manaus and the Amazon River in Itacoatiara, from 2009 to 2024, were taken from the Port of Manaus website. Data analysis shows that the municipalities of Itacoatiara and Manaus in Amazonas and Santarém in Pará have the highest number of cases. The data also suggest that Haff disease occurs in cycles associated with environmental and climatic variations. The peak of the disease occurs between August and October, shortly after the peak of the river floods, which occurs in June. This greater or lesser rise in river levels has a direct influence on the total volume of rainfall at the headwaters of the rivers that form the Hydrographic Basin. Solar radiation also appears to be an important factor in the increased occurrence of the disease, as it directly influences primary productivity, promoting the development of photosynthetic organisms. The relationships between climate and the environment and the disease require further study to deepen our understanding of the relationships between these parameters.
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FERREIRA, Erasmo Carlos. Influência do clima e ambiente sobre a distribuição espaço-temporal da doença de Haff na Amazônia. 2025. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Clima e Ambiente) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2025.
