Estudo de uma máquina BLDC, inicialmente projetada como motor, operando como gerador elétrico
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Este trabalho propõe um método para modelar matematicamente a máquina BLDC (Brushless Direct Current), visando estabelecer a relação entre sua operação como motor e como gerador elétrico. O objetivo é aumentar a autonomia de voo de um drone em desenvolvimento no Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), utilizando um sistema híbrido série acoplado ao drone. Devido à escassez de informações técnicas sobre as máquinas BLDC de pequeno porte disponíveis no mercado, o método apresentado facilita a busca por máquinas específicas, utilizando motores BLDC como geradores e reduzindo os custos de aquisição do equipamento. O modelo proposto visa representar as limitações de entrega de potência e as perdas que não são consideradas pelo modelo convencional simplificado, permitindo determinar os limites de operação da máquina como gerador. A metodologia inclui ensaios realizados na máquina BLDC operando como gerador a vazio e em carga, além do ensaio de resistência dos enrolamentos. Os testes foram feitos com cargas não lineares utilizando uma ponte retificadora trifásica e resistores para representar a carga do sistema híbrido. Um diferencial deste trabalho foi a inclusão no modelo proposto de impedâncias indutivas e resistivas variáveis, que dependem da carga aplicada ao gerador, representando as perdas e limitações da máquina BLDC. Os resultados reais foram comparados com os resultados simulados no software PSIM para validar o modelo.
This work proposes a method to mathematically model the BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) machine, aiming to establish the relationship between its operation as a motor and as an electric generator. The goal is to increase the flight autonomy of a drone under development at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), using a series hybrid system coupled to the drone. Due to the scarcity of technical information about small BLDC machines available in the market, the method presented facilitates the search for specific machines, using BLDC motors as generators and reducing the equipment acquisition costs. The proposed model aims to represent the power delivery limitations and losses that are not considered by the conventional simplified model, allowing to determine the operating limits of the machine as a generator. The methodology includes tests carried out on the BLDC machine operating as a generator under no-load and loaded conditions, as well as the winding resistance test. The tests were conducted with nonlinear loads using a three-phase rectifier bridge and resistors to represent the load of the hybrid system. A differentiating factor of this work was the inclusion in the proposed model of variable inductive and resistive impedances, which depend on the load applied to the generator, representing the losses and limitations of the BLDC machine. The actual results were compared with the simulated results in the PSIM software to validate the model.
This work proposes a method to mathematically model the BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) machine, aiming to establish the relationship between its operation as a motor and as an electric generator. The goal is to increase the flight autonomy of a drone under development at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), using a series hybrid system coupled to the drone. Due to the scarcity of technical information about small BLDC machines available in the market, the method presented facilitates the search for specific machines, using BLDC motors as generators and reducing the equipment acquisition costs. The proposed model aims to represent the power delivery limitations and losses that are not considered by the conventional simplified model, allowing to determine the operating limits of the machine as a generator. The methodology includes tests carried out on the BLDC machine operating as a generator under no-load and loaded conditions, as well as the winding resistance test. The tests were conducted with nonlinear loads using a three-phase rectifier bridge and resistors to represent the load of the hybrid system. A differentiating factor of this work was the inclusion in the proposed model of variable inductive and resistive impedances, which depend on the load applied to the generator, representing the losses and limitations of the BLDC machine. The actual results were compared with the simulated results in the PSIM software to validate the model.
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ALVES, Luiz Gustavo. Estudo de uma máquina BLDC, inicialmente projetada como motor, operando como gerador elétrico. 2023. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Elétrica) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2023.
