Uso da modelagem bim em projetos de alvenaria estrutural: estudo de caso para residências unifamiliares

Abstract

The growing demand for more agile and, at the same time, more complete and detailed projects, in addition to interoperability between the different phases of construction, requires a differentiated approach in the elaboration of civil construction projects. The new challenges that civil construction professionals and companies face are “how to manage all the information to achieve the desired results?”. This is no different for companies in the intermediate geographic region of Chapecó, located in western Santa Catarina. The BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology can be a solution to this problem. It can be used in different ways, adapting to the different demands of different types of companies. These demands can take into account the type, construction technology of each work, the company's focus and the effective time spent in the design phase. Thus, in order to define an approach to implementation, a survey of data was carried out on the functioning of the processes of the companies that are the object of this research. The survey was carried out virtually. Based on the study region, 26 companies in the civil construction sector were interviewed. Considering these data, different companies have different demands. The development of processes related to the implementation of BIM is based on research carried out with companies. It was found that most of them already work with BIM at some level, but a large portion is still restricted to conventional methodology. Among the most recurrent demands is agility in project time, seeking a gain in productivity. With a research of similar ones it was verified a gain in project time. Other demands such as compatibility and quantitative extraction were also identified. In contrast, the biggest barrier to BIM implementation was presented with the time required to carry out the implementation. Both the demands and the barriers require an individualized analysis for each company. This support can be given in the form of new research, or in the form of specialized consultancy, bearing in mind the potential market in the region.

Over a long period of time, buildings were designed and built based on two-dimensional representations. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been bringing an important moment of change in the design and management models of projects. Among the advantages of BIM, one can mention the ease in compatibilize the different projects (architectural, structural, building installations, etc.), the improvement in the planning and monitoring of works, in order to provide more accurate budgets, quantitative extraction, among others functions that help in the coordination of constructions. The present case study consists of the application and evaluation of the use of the BIM methodology, from the use of the Autodesk Revit software, for the 3D modeling of a single-family residence that can be used as a reference for projects elaborated with the constructive system in structural masonry. The results obtained were the architecture, electrical, hydro sanitary and structural models, the analysis of the incompatibilities found and the quantitative of all the models. Through the results obtained, it can be stated that modeling with the use of the BIM methodology helps to make projects more realistic and facilitates the detection of interference between projects, which makes the resolution and prevention of problems in the construction even faster. In addition, all the quantities that the software provides are of great value for the execution of the work, helping to have less waste of materials.