Viabilidade econômico-financeira de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede em Florianópolis – SC utilizando dados monitorados e simulados do primeiro ano
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Um desafio para o crescente mercado de energia fotovoltaica distribuída conectada à rede é a sua viabilidade econômico-financeira. O objetivo principal deste trabalho de conclusão de curso é verificar a viabilidade econômico-financeira de 43 sistemas fotovoltaicos residenciais instalados no município de Florianópolis e testar a hipótese de que o tempo de retorno sobre o investimento descontado (payback descontado) de um sistema fotovoltaico residencial conectado à rede em Florianópolis é menor que dez anos. Cada um dos 43 sistemas analisados possui dez módulos fotovoltaicos de 265Wp em série e um inversor de 3kW. Os sistemas foram simulados no programa PvSyst (v6.68) com dados climáticos Meteonorm 7.1 e com perdas obtidas em literatura. Os dados de energia gerada na simulação foram comparados com os dados monitorados nos inversores pelo período de um ano, de agosto 2017 a julho de 2018. Os parâmetros utilizados na simulação podem ser utilizados para obter resultados conservadores em estudos de viabilidade financeira de sistemas futuros, pois as simulações apresentaram resultados 7% menores em média e uma dispersão dos valores de 8%. A viabilidade econômico-financeira de cada sistema foi realizada com os dados monitorados por meio do payback descontado, do valor presente líquido (VPL) e da taxa interna de retorno (TIR) para o ano 25. Além dos dados monitorados, foram utilizados o custo de aquisição dos sistemas fotovoltaicos, as tarifas de consumo e injeção praticadas pela concessionária local em junho de 2018 e uma condição financeira e de autoconsumo igual a utilizada pela Associação Brasileira da Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica (Abinne) em 2015. Os sistemas apresentaram em média um VPL de R$20.628,60 e uma TIR de 22,02%, ficando o payback descontado médio em 9 anos e 3 meses, embora quatro sistemas apresentaram um tempo de retorno superior a dez anos. Sendo, assim, confirmou-se a hipótese. Quando considerado a tarifa de energia para injeção igual a de consumo, todos os sistemas ficaram com um payback descontado inferior a dez anos. Portanto, a tarifação igual para consumo e injeção de energia à rede elétrica é uma forma de estimular o mercado de energia fotovoltaica distribuída conectada à rede.
A challenge for the growing market of grid connected photovoltaic systems (PV’s) is its economic and financial viability. The main objective of this research is to verify the economic and financial viability of 43 residential grid connected PV’s installed in the city of Florianópolis-SC and test the hypothesis that the payback of a PV installed in same city is less than ten years. Each of the 43 systems has ten photovoltaic modules of 265Wp in series and an inverter of 3kW. I simulated the systems using the program Pvsyst (v 6.68) with climatic data from Meteoronorm 7.1 and losses obtained from literature. The simulated results of the 43 PV’s were compared with the monitored data of a one-year operation, from August 2017 to July 2018. The simulations were conservative, providing lower results than those monitored. On average, the simulated generation presented a relative mean absolute error of -7% and a relative root-mean- square deviation of 8%. The economic and financial viability of each system was carried out with the monitored generation data for a period of 25 years. I used tariffs adopted by the power distribution company in June 2018 and a standard financial and auto consumption scenario practiced by the Brazilian Association of Electrical and Electronics Industry (Abinne) in 2015 were used. The PV’s presented an average NPV of R$ 20.628,60 and IRR of 22.02%, with the average discounted payback at 9 years and 3 months. Only four systems presented a discounted payback greater than ten years, so the hypothesis was accepted. When considering an equal charging for consumption and injection, all PV’s had a discounted payback lower than ten years. Thus, the equal charge for consumption and injection of energy is a good way to stimulate the market of grid connected PV’s.
A challenge for the growing market of grid connected photovoltaic systems (PV’s) is its economic and financial viability. The main objective of this research is to verify the economic and financial viability of 43 residential grid connected PV’s installed in the city of Florianópolis-SC and test the hypothesis that the payback of a PV installed in same city is less than ten years. Each of the 43 systems has ten photovoltaic modules of 265Wp in series and an inverter of 3kW. I simulated the systems using the program Pvsyst (v 6.68) with climatic data from Meteoronorm 7.1 and losses obtained from literature. The simulated results of the 43 PV’s were compared with the monitored data of a one-year operation, from August 2017 to July 2018. The simulations were conservative, providing lower results than those monitored. On average, the simulated generation presented a relative mean absolute error of -7% and a relative root-mean- square deviation of 8%. The economic and financial viability of each system was carried out with the monitored generation data for a period of 25 years. I used tariffs adopted by the power distribution company in June 2018 and a standard financial and auto consumption scenario practiced by the Brazilian Association of Electrical and Electronics Industry (Abinne) in 2015 were used. The PV’s presented an average NPV of R$ 20.628,60 and IRR of 22.02%, with the average discounted payback at 9 years and 3 months. Only four systems presented a discounted payback greater than ten years, so the hypothesis was accepted. When considering an equal charging for consumption and injection, all PV’s had a discounted payback lower than ten years. Thus, the equal charge for consumption and injection of energy is a good way to stimulate the market of grid connected PV’s.
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BAUMANN, Victor Andreas Rocha. Viabilidade econômico-financeira de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede em Florianópolis – SC utilizando dados monitorados e simulados do primeiro ano. 2018. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2018
