Contribuição para análise comparativa da viabilidade econômica entre os sistemas construtivos com painéis monolíticos de EPS e alvenaria estrutural: estudo de caso
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Atualmente, no Brasil, o mercado da construção civil ainda é dominado por um sistema construvo artesanal, a alvenaria convencional, sistema que apresenta baixa produvidade e elevados índices de desperdício e geração de resíduos. O sistema construvo composto por painéis monolícos de EPS e argamassa armada surge como uma interessante e inovadora alternava para o mercado da construção civil, pois apresenta uma concepção estrutural mais racional em que o próprio painel desempenha a função de forma. Um importante fator para a tomada de decisão do sistema construvo a ser adotado na execução de uma obra diz respeito a sua viabilidade econômica. Este estudo realizou um comparavo de custos diretos, com o auxílio de orçamentos analícos, entre alvenaria estrutural - sistema construvo conhecido e ulizado na região - e o sistema composto por painéis de EPS e argamassa armada, para uma edificação residencial unifamiliar de dois pavimentos, com área total de 297,38 m², localizada no município de Florianópolis/SC. Na análise comparava entre os sistemas foram consideradas as etapas de execução das paredes e revesmento de argamassa. O custo por m² para a execução das paredes no sistema em EPS foi de R$ 256,92, enquanto para alvenaria estrutural o custo por m² foi de R$ 165,91. Pode-se apontar que o custo de execução das paredes no sistema em EPS foi aproximadamente 55% superior à alvenaria estrutural. Quando a análise foi realizada entre os custos de mão de obra, os sistemas apresentaram valores aproximados, o sistema em EPS apresentou um custo aproximadamente 5% superior à alvenaria estrutural. Idenficou-se nos custos de material a maior diferença entre os sistemas, o sistema em EPS apresentou um custo aproximadamente 80% superior à alvenaria estrutural. O item idenficado como o principal responsável foi o painel de EPS, representando aproximadamente 58% do custo de execução das paredes. No entanto, vale ressaltar que as etapas de superestrutura e vedação de uma obra residencial representam de 19% a 27,5% do seu custo total, por conseguinte quando observa-se o custo total, a diferença entre o custo execuvo das paredes não é tão significava, pois representa uma menor parcela de um todo. Uma outra contribuição foi a elaboração de uma composição de custos unitários para execução das paredes em EPS. Uma análise importante foi a comparação do peso das paredes, em alvenaria estrutural foi de 235 kg/m², enquanto para o sistema em EPS foi de 128 kg/m², o que representa uma redução de aproximadamente 47% no peso das paredes que integram a edificação. A redução no peso da estrutura se torna um ponto posivo acerca do sistema em EPS e tem influência direta sobre as fundações da edificação, pois contribui para a redução no custo de execução desta etapa. A análise de custos apresentada neste trabalho pode auxiliar na escolha do sistema construvo, todavia a análise das caracteríscas e vantagens de cada sistema são importantes fatores que devem ser levados em consideração na tomada de decisão do sistema construvo a ser adotada na execução de uma obra.
Presently, the civil construcon market in Brazil remains cornered by an arsanal construcon system – the convenonal masonry – which presents low producvity rates and strong signals of waste generaon and squander. The construcon system composed by EPS panels and reinforced mortar emerges as an interesng and innovave alternave to the civil construcon market as it presents a more raonal structural concepon than the panel does in shape funcon. An important factor when choosing a construcon system for work execuon is its financial viability. This essay compares direct expenses, with the aid of analyc budgets, between structural masonry – a widely known and used system in the region – and the system composed by EPS panels and reinforced mortar, for a single-family residenal building, with a total area of 297.38 m², situated in the City of Florianópolis, SC. In a comparave analysis between the systems at issue, the steps for the execuon of walls that incorporate the building at structural masonry are taken into consideraon, in addion to the structured walls execuon stage. The cost per m² of labor and required materials to build the walls through EPS system reached R$ 256.92, while for structural masonry the cost reached R$ 165.91 per m². It’s possible to point out that the cost of wall execuon was approximately 55% higher than structural masonry. When analyzing labor expenses between both systems, they present similar values, while EPS system showed values 5% higher. The difference of material costs was the broadest between the systems in queson. The EPS system was 80% more expensive than structural masonry in this maer. The EPS panel went idenfied as the main responsible of the walls execuon cost and represent approximately 58% of the walls execuon cost. The execuon of the superstructure and sealing stages of a residenal building represents 19% to 27.5% of the total cost of execuon of a building, when the total cost is observed the difference between the cost of walls is not so significant, it represents a small poron of the total cost. To beer proceed with wall execuon in EPS, a price table has been developed, that takes specific characteriscs of the architectural project. The average specific weight of a structural masonry wall unit was 235 kg/m², while for the EPS system the average specific weight of a wall unit was 128 kg/m², which represents a reducon of approximately 47% in the weight of the walls that make up the building. The reducon in the weight of the structure becomes a posive point about the EPS system and has direct influence on the foundaons of the building, because it contributes to a reducon in the cost of execuon of this stage.The expense analysis presented in this essay might help to choose a beer-fing construcon system. Nevertheless the analysis of characteriscs and advantages of each one of the systems are important factors that must be considered when determining a construcon system to be embraced in a work execuon.
Presently, the civil construcon market in Brazil remains cornered by an arsanal construcon system – the convenonal masonry – which presents low producvity rates and strong signals of waste generaon and squander. The construcon system composed by EPS panels and reinforced mortar emerges as an interesng and innovave alternave to the civil construcon market as it presents a more raonal structural concepon than the panel does in shape funcon. An important factor when choosing a construcon system for work execuon is its financial viability. This essay compares direct expenses, with the aid of analyc budgets, between structural masonry – a widely known and used system in the region – and the system composed by EPS panels and reinforced mortar, for a single-family residenal building, with a total area of 297.38 m², situated in the City of Florianópolis, SC. In a comparave analysis between the systems at issue, the steps for the execuon of walls that incorporate the building at structural masonry are taken into consideraon, in addion to the structured walls execuon stage. The cost per m² of labor and required materials to build the walls through EPS system reached R$ 256.92, while for structural masonry the cost reached R$ 165.91 per m². It’s possible to point out that the cost of wall execuon was approximately 55% higher than structural masonry. When analyzing labor expenses between both systems, they present similar values, while EPS system showed values 5% higher. The difference of material costs was the broadest between the systems in queson. The EPS system was 80% more expensive than structural masonry in this maer. The EPS panel went idenfied as the main responsible of the walls execuon cost and represent approximately 58% of the walls execuon cost. The execuon of the superstructure and sealing stages of a residenal building represents 19% to 27.5% of the total cost of execuon of a building, when the total cost is observed the difference between the cost of walls is not so significant, it represents a small poron of the total cost. To beer proceed with wall execuon in EPS, a price table has been developed, that takes specific characteriscs of the architectural project. The average specific weight of a structural masonry wall unit was 235 kg/m², while for the EPS system the average specific weight of a wall unit was 128 kg/m², which represents a reducon of approximately 47% in the weight of the walls that make up the building. The reducon in the weight of the structure becomes a posive point about the EPS system and has direct influence on the foundaons of the building, because it contributes to a reducon in the cost of execuon of this stage.The expense analysis presented in this essay might help to choose a beer-fing construcon system. Nevertheless the analysis of characteriscs and advantages of each one of the systems are important factors that must be considered when determining a construcon system to be embraced in a work execuon.
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SALVADOR, João Victor Heinzen. Contribuição para análise comparativa da viabilidade econômica entre os sistemas construtivos com painéis monolíticos de EPS e alvenaria estrutural: estudo de caso. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2022
