Estudo de argamassas industrializadas para assentamento de alvenaria estrutural de bloco de concreto
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A necessidade de racionalização e sistematização do canteiro de obras tem impulsionado os projetos de pesquisa na busca de novas tecnologias para os materiais da construção civil. Com isso, os sistemas construtivos que otimizam os processos e trazem benefícios econômicos e ambientais se sobressaem nesse mercado. Neste cenário, a alvenaria estrutural de blocos de concreto tem se destacado nos últimos anos no Brasil, por apresentar estas características. Entretanto, o mercado possui uma carência de argamassa industrializada ensacada para a utilização no assentamento de alvenaria estrutural não-armada de blocos vazados de concreto e, as que existem não têm sido indicadas para edifícios altos, devido, principalmente, às argamassas não apresentarem aderência suficiente ao bloco e, ainda, influenciarem negativamente no fator de eficiência. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desempenho das argamassas industrializadas ensacadas de resistências nominais de 4 a 14 MPa para assentamento de alvenaria estrutural de blocos de concreto de resistências variadas. Para as argamassas, foram avaliadas a trabalhabilidade, a retenção de água e a resistência à compressão. Para os prismas, a resistência à compressão, a tração na flexão, o módulo de elasticidade, o fator de eficiência e o mecanismo de ruptura. As análises foram realizadas aos 28 e aos 90 dias de idade e os resultados indicaram que as argamassas industrializadas estudadas apresentaram, no geral, um bom desempenho em relação às propriedades nos estados fresco e endurecido, além de obter um bom desempenho nos ensaios de resistência à compressão e tração na flexão dos prismas de bloco de concreto, onde o fator de eficiência, aos 90 dias, ultrapassou os 90%. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se verificar que as argamassas industrializadas estudadas apresentaram um bom desempenho para a utilização em assentamento de alvenaria estrutural, inclusive para os prismas com blocos de resistência nominal de 12 MPa.
The need to rationalize and systematize the construction site has accelerated research projects in the search for new technologies for construction materials. Thereby, the construction systems that optimize the processes and bring economic and environmental benefits stand out in this market. In this scenario, the structural masonry of concrete blocks, due to these characteristics, has been highlighted and intensified in recent years in Brazil. However, the market has a shortage of bagged mortars for use in laying non-reinforced masonry of cast concrete blocks. The ones that exist have not been indicated for high buildings, mainly due to the fact that those mortars do not present sufficient adhesion to the block and negatively influence the efficiency factor. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the performance of industrial mortars with nominal strength from 4 to 14 MPa for the laying of structural masonry of concrete blocks of various strengths. To the mortars, were analyzed the results of workability, water retention and compressive strength. To the prisms, the compressive resistance results, flexural tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, efficiency factor and mechanism of prism rupture. The analysis showed that, at 28 and 90 days of age, industrial mortars presents, in general, a good performance in relation to the properties in fresh and hardened states. In addition, the analysis showed that the industrial mortars obtained an excellent performance in the tests of resistance to compression and tensile strength in the flexure of the concrete blocks prims, where the efficiency factor, at 90 days of age, exceeded 90%. In the obtained results, the industrial mortars presented an excellent performance for the use in laying of structural masonry, even for the prisms with blocks of nominal resistance of 12 MPa.
The need to rationalize and systematize the construction site has accelerated research projects in the search for new technologies for construction materials. Thereby, the construction systems that optimize the processes and bring economic and environmental benefits stand out in this market. In this scenario, the structural masonry of concrete blocks, due to these characteristics, has been highlighted and intensified in recent years in Brazil. However, the market has a shortage of bagged mortars for use in laying non-reinforced masonry of cast concrete blocks. The ones that exist have not been indicated for high buildings, mainly due to the fact that those mortars do not present sufficient adhesion to the block and negatively influence the efficiency factor. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the performance of industrial mortars with nominal strength from 4 to 14 MPa for the laying of structural masonry of concrete blocks of various strengths. To the mortars, were analyzed the results of workability, water retention and compressive strength. To the prisms, the compressive resistance results, flexural tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, efficiency factor and mechanism of prism rupture. The analysis showed that, at 28 and 90 days of age, industrial mortars presents, in general, a good performance in relation to the properties in fresh and hardened states. In addition, the analysis showed that the industrial mortars obtained an excellent performance in the tests of resistance to compression and tensile strength in the flexure of the concrete blocks prims, where the efficiency factor, at 90 days of age, exceeded 90%. In the obtained results, the industrial mortars presented an excellent performance for the use in laying of structural masonry, even for the prisms with blocks of nominal resistance of 12 MPa.
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VIEIRA, Ricardo de Souza. Estudo de argamassas industrializadas para assentamento de alvenaria estrutural de bloco de concreto. 2019. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2019
