Avaliação de evento monitorado na operação em paralelo de transformadores em subestação real: modelagem, simulação e estudo de caso
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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre um evento monitorado na operação em paralelo de dois transformadores trifásicos de 300 kVA, em subestação real. Tem o objetivo de analisar a partilha de carga entre os transformadores a partir de medições em campo, formulação teórica analítica e simulação computacional, investigando a influência da impedância percentual e da posição do comutador de derivação sobre o comportamento elétrico do sistema nas fases pré-evento, evento e pós-evento. A campanha experimental foi realizada com analisadores de energia Fluke 1738 ao longo de 14 dias consecutivos, monitorando tensão, corrente e potência aparente em cada transformador. Os resultados indicaram que, na fase pré evento, o sistema operava em regime estável com uma divisão de carga compatível com a diferença das impedâncias nominais dos transformadores com uma diferença de aproximadamente 11% na distribuição de carga. Durante o período monitorado, foi identificado um evento de transição abrupta e permanente na distribuição de carga, após o qual um dos transformadores passou a assumir, de forma persistente, a maior parcela da carga, com períodos de sobrecarga e pico máximo de 602,96 kVA, correspondente a 200,99% da capacidade nominal do equipamento. A comparação entre dados medidos, cenários teóricos e modelos simulados no software PLECS demonstrou elevada concordância entre as abordagens analítica e computacional, com baixos erros percentuais em todos os cenários avaliados. O cenário pós-evento mostrou maior aderência ao modelo de alteração estrutural da impedância equivalente de um dos transformadores. Conclui-se que o evento registrado alterou de forma significativa e persistente a dinâmica de compartilhamento de carga da subestação, expondo o sistema a condição crítica de operação e reforçando a importância do monitoramento contínuo e da avaliação diagnóstica em instalações de infraestrutura essencial
This work presents a case study of a monitored event in the parallel operation of two three-phase 300 kVA transformers in a real substation. The objective of this study is to analyze load sharing between the transformers based on field measurements, analytical theoretical formulation, and computational simulation, investigating the influence of percentage impedance and tap changer position on the electrical behavior of the system during the pre-event, event, and post-event phases. The experimental campaign was carried out using Fluke 1738 power quality analyzers over 14 consecutive days, monitoring voltage, current, and apparent power in each transformer. The results indicated that, in the pre-event phase, the system operated under stable conditions with an imbalance consistent with the difference in nominal impedances of the transformers, showing an approximate 11% difference in load distribution. During the monitoring period, an abrupt and permanent transition event in load distribution was identified, after which one of the transformers began to consistently carry the larger share of the load, with periods of overload and a maximum peak of 602.96 kVA, corresponding to 200.99% of the equipment's nominal capacity. The comparison between measured data, theoretical scenarios, and models simulated in PLECS software demonstrated strong agreement between analytical and computational approaches, with low percentage errors across all evaluated scenarios. The post-event scenario showed greater adherence to the model of structural change in the equivalent impedance of one of the transformers. It is concluded that the recorded event significantly and persistently altered the load-sharing dynamics of the substation, exposing the system to a critical operating condition and reinforcing. the importance of continuous monitoring and diagnostic assessment in essential infrastructure installations.
This work presents a case study of a monitored event in the parallel operation of two three-phase 300 kVA transformers in a real substation. The objective of this study is to analyze load sharing between the transformers based on field measurements, analytical theoretical formulation, and computational simulation, investigating the influence of percentage impedance and tap changer position on the electrical behavior of the system during the pre-event, event, and post-event phases. The experimental campaign was carried out using Fluke 1738 power quality analyzers over 14 consecutive days, monitoring voltage, current, and apparent power in each transformer. The results indicated that, in the pre-event phase, the system operated under stable conditions with an imbalance consistent with the difference in nominal impedances of the transformers, showing an approximate 11% difference in load distribution. During the monitoring period, an abrupt and permanent transition event in load distribution was identified, after which one of the transformers began to consistently carry the larger share of the load, with periods of overload and a maximum peak of 602.96 kVA, corresponding to 200.99% of the equipment's nominal capacity. The comparison between measured data, theoretical scenarios, and models simulated in PLECS software demonstrated strong agreement between analytical and computational approaches, with low percentage errors across all evaluated scenarios. The post-event scenario showed greater adherence to the model of structural change in the equivalent impedance of one of the transformers. It is concluded that the recorded event significantly and persistently altered the load-sharing dynamics of the substation, exposing the system to a critical operating condition and reinforcing. the importance of continuous monitoring and diagnostic assessment in essential infrastructure installations.
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RAIMUNDO, Rodrigo Paulo. Avaliação de evento monitorado na operação em paralelo de transformadores em subestação real: modelagem, simulação e estudo de caso. 2026. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Elétrica) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2026.
