Balanço hídrico climatológico para o cultivo de soja (Glicyne max sp.) na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Urussanga, frente ao cenário de climas futuros
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Observa-se desde 2017, a expansão no cultivo da soja no estado brasileiro de Santa Catarina, em particular na região do extremo sul catarinense e mais especificamente dentro da bacia hidrográfica do rio Urussanga, região de tradicional cultivo do tabaco, milho, arroz, maracujá, banana, entre outros. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, calcular e analisar o balanço hídrico do clima presente e futuro considerando o cultivo da soja nessa região, para que as informações climáticas sejam utilizadas por quem planeja o desenvolvimento agropecuário na região, auxiliando na tomada de decisão, procurando minimizar os riscos de perdas envolvidos na atividade agropecuária. Foram obtidos os dados de estações meteorológicas convencional e automática em Urussanga no período 1987-2019. O balanço hídrico utilizou as informações extraídas de dois modelos climáticos com cenário mais realista e pessimista para o período 2021-2040 e 2041-2060 apresentados para cada decêndio de cultivo da soja. A correlação entre dados observacionais e do clima presente apresentou correlação próxima de 1 (um) para a variável evapotranspiração e outras técnicas estatísticas como correção de viés e erro quadrático médio determinaram a acuracidade de covariância de ambas séries de dados. O resultado do clima futuro em comparação com o clima presente, observa-se em vários decêndios que o balanço hídrico têm disponibilidade hídrica menor durante os meses de cultivo da soja (outubro-março), onde a evapotranspiração da cultura será maior e a precipitação será menor dentro de uma variabilidade climática intra-sazonal. Isso porque, no período vegetativo (outubro e novembro) as variáveis que mais impactam o período do cultivo são as que têm prognóstico de mudanças climáticas, sendo a precipitação, temperaturas máximas e mínimas, em conjunto as variáveis relativamente estáveis da radiação solar e fotoperíodo. Entre o final do período vegetativo e o início do reprodutivo (novembro e dezembro), além da radiação solar, a variável mais impactante é a precipitação.
The expansion of soybean cultivation has been observed in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, particularly in the southern part of this region and specifically within the Urussanga river basin since 2017. This region has traditional cultivation of tobacco, corn, rice, passion fruit, banana, among others. The objective here was to calculate and analyze the water balance of the present and future climate considering soybean cultivation, providing climate information to be used for stakeholders to plan agricultural development in the region, assisting in decision making, seeking to minimize the risks of losses involved in agricultural activity. Dataset was obtained from conventional and automatic weather stations in Urussanga in the period 1987- 2019. The water balance used information extracted from two climate models with a more realistic and pessimistic scenario for the period 2021-2040 and 2041-2060 presented for each ten-day period of soybean cultivation. The correlation between observational data and the present climate presented a correlation close to 1 (one) for the variable evapotranspiration and other statistical techniques such as bias correction and mean square error determined the accuracy of covariance of both data series. The result of the future climate compared to the present climate, it is observed in several ten days that the water balance has lower water availability during the months of soybean cultivation (October-March). It is expected that the evapotranspiration of the crop to be greater and the precipitation to be smaller within an intraseasonal climate variability. In the vegetative period (October and November), the variables that most impact the cultivation period are those that have a prognosis of climate change, being precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures, as the relatively stable variables of radiation and photoperiod. In the end of the vegetative period and the beginning of the reproductive period (November and December), in addition to radiation, the most impacting variable becomes only precipitation. In the end of the vegetative period and the beginning of the reproductive period (November and December), in addition to solar radiation, the most impacting variable is precipitation.
The expansion of soybean cultivation has been observed in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, particularly in the southern part of this region and specifically within the Urussanga river basin since 2017. This region has traditional cultivation of tobacco, corn, rice, passion fruit, banana, among others. The objective here was to calculate and analyze the water balance of the present and future climate considering soybean cultivation, providing climate information to be used for stakeholders to plan agricultural development in the region, assisting in decision making, seeking to minimize the risks of losses involved in agricultural activity. Dataset was obtained from conventional and automatic weather stations in Urussanga in the period 1987- 2019. The water balance used information extracted from two climate models with a more realistic and pessimistic scenario for the period 2021-2040 and 2041-2060 presented for each ten-day period of soybean cultivation. The correlation between observational data and the present climate presented a correlation close to 1 (one) for the variable evapotranspiration and other statistical techniques such as bias correction and mean square error determined the accuracy of covariance of both data series. The result of the future climate compared to the present climate, it is observed in several ten days that the water balance has lower water availability during the months of soybean cultivation (October-March). It is expected that the evapotranspiration of the crop to be greater and the precipitation to be smaller within an intraseasonal climate variability. In the vegetative period (October and November), the variables that most impact the cultivation period are those that have a prognosis of climate change, being precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures, as the relatively stable variables of radiation and photoperiod. In the end of the vegetative period and the beginning of the reproductive period (November and December), in addition to radiation, the most impacting variable becomes only precipitation. In the end of the vegetative period and the beginning of the reproductive period (November and December), in addition to solar radiation, the most impacting variable is precipitation.
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VIDAL, Thiago. Balanço hídrico climatológico para o cultivo de soja (Glicyne max sp.) na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Urussanga, frente ao cenário de climas futuros. 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Clima e Ambiente) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2022.
