As mulheres e o Prêmio Nobel: as pesquisas de Maria Goeppert-Mayer e Donna Strickland e suas implicações no ensino de Física
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Devido a uma construção histórico-cultural, não somente a ciência, mas a produção intelectual em sua quase totalidade foi compreendida como sendo elaborada predominantemente por homens, o que revela um processo de ocultação histórica das mulheres na construção da ciência. Por exemplo, as premiações no Prêmio Nobel de Física mostram que, desde o ano de 1901, somente três mulheres foram laureadas. Assim, percebe-se que a ausência da diversidade e da pluralidade no meio científico ainda se apresenta no histórico da premiação. Ao se pensar no contexto da educação básica, o panorama que se apresenta é um tanto semelhante, pois há um desconhecimento, por parte dos alunos e alunas, sobre figuras femininas que representem cientistas. A partir desse contexto, considerando aspectos da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa Crítica e das Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas, além dos pressupostos epistemológicos de Paul Feyerabend, este trabalho apresenta, organizados no formato de artigos, textos instrucionais e propostas didáticas que abordem os conhecimentos desenvolvidos pelas cientistas Maria Goeppert- Mayer e Donna Strickland, laureadas no Prêmio Nobel de Física, cujas contribuições são relativas, respectivamente, às áreas de física nuclear e de física dos lasers. Embora os materiais não tenham sido implementados, acredita-se que estes possam ajudar docentes de Física a inserirem discussões sobre a presença das mulheres na ciência, além de propiciarem o reconhecimento das pesquisas desenvolvidas por estas cientistas. Dessa maneira, entende-se que este trabalho pode ajudar docentes e discentes a construírem uma visão científica com mais pluralidade.
Due to a historical-cultural building, not only science, but almost all intellectual production was understood to be predominantly elaborated by men, which reveals a process of historical hiding of women in the construction of science. For example, the awards in Physics Nobel show that, since 1901, just three women were awarded. Accordingly, it's possible to realize that the absence of diversity and plurality in the scientific environment is still perceived in the history of the award. When thinking about the context of scientific education, the scenario presented is somewhat similar, because there is a lack of knowledge about females who represent scientists. From this context, taking into account aspects of Theory of Meaningful Critical Learning and Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units such as epistemological postulates of Paul Feyerabend, this work presents, in the format of articles, instructional texts and didactical proposals that address the knowledge developed by scientists Maria Goeppert- Mayer and Donna Strickland, winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics, whose contributions are related, respectively, to the areas of nuclear physics and physics of lasers. Although the materials have not been implemented, it is believed they can help physics teachers to insert discussions about the presence of women in science, in addition to providing recognition for the researches developed by these scientists. Thus, it is understood this work can help teachers and students to build a scientific view with more plurality.
Due to a historical-cultural building, not only science, but almost all intellectual production was understood to be predominantly elaborated by men, which reveals a process of historical hiding of women in the construction of science. For example, the awards in Physics Nobel show that, since 1901, just three women were awarded. Accordingly, it's possible to realize that the absence of diversity and plurality in the scientific environment is still perceived in the history of the award. When thinking about the context of scientific education, the scenario presented is somewhat similar, because there is a lack of knowledge about females who represent scientists. From this context, taking into account aspects of Theory of Meaningful Critical Learning and Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units such as epistemological postulates of Paul Feyerabend, this work presents, in the format of articles, instructional texts and didactical proposals that address the knowledge developed by scientists Maria Goeppert- Mayer and Donna Strickland, winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics, whose contributions are related, respectively, to the areas of nuclear physics and physics of lasers. Although the materials have not been implemented, it is believed they can help physics teachers to insert discussions about the presence of women in science, in addition to providing recognition for the researches developed by these scientists. Thus, it is understood this work can help teachers and students to build a scientific view with more plurality.
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PIRES, Larissa do Nascimento. As mulheres e o Prêmio Nobel: as pesquisas de Maria Goeppert-Mayer e Donna Strickland e suas implicações no ensino de Física. 2019. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Licenciatura em Física) – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, 2019.
