Estudo experimental da cementação sólida em engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos (módulo 2) de aço SAE 8620
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A cementação sólida é um tratamento termoquímico que introduz carbono na superfície de uma peça de aço, aumentando a concentração desse elemento até certa profundidade. Com o resfriamento brusco dessa peça, forma-se uma microestrutura martensítica numa região logo abaixo da superfície onde houve a difusão de carbono atômico devido à cementação. Esse tratamento é usualmente aplicado em engrenagens e tem como proposta aumentar sua dureza na superfície, a resistência ao desgaste e à fadiga, conservando o núcleo dúcitl e tenaz para melhor absorção de impacto na peça. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo principal elaborar um procedimento experimental viável de cementação sólida para engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos (módulo 2) de aço SAE 8620, que cumpra requisitos de dureza e profundidade da camada cementada. Primeiramente foi realizado um estudo baseado na equação da segunda lei de Fick para a difusão do carbono no ferro- a 900ºC, sendo obtidos os tempos de difusão atômica para condições específicas. A partir disso, foram testadas três condições de cementação – após cada procedimento, as peças foram submetidas ao tratamento de têmpera direta em óleo, logo que retiradas da caixa de cementação, e posterior revenimento. As amostras removidas de cada peça cementada foram analisadas por metalografia e ensaios de microdureza para verificação da profundidade da camada (perfis de dureza foram traçados). Nestes ensaios foram analisados requisitos de dureza e profundidade da camada segundo critérios técnicos: valores de módulo (m) na faixa de 2,0 ≤ m 2,5 devem ter a profundidade da camada endurecida efetiva entre 0,40-0,60 mm com valores de dureza acima de 50 HRC. A análise metalográfica revelou nas condições testadas a formação de uma microestrutura martensítica junto à superfície das peças cementadas, contendo uma provável distribuição de austenita retida. Resultados satisfatórios que cumpriram os requisitos técnicos pré estabelecidos foram selecionados a partir dos experimentos em engrenagens com largura de face 12,50 mm, destacando-se duas condições específicas – variáveis Cx = 0,40%C (tempo de 2h19min) e Cx = 0,45%C (tempo de 2h51min). De acordo com os critérios técnicos mencionados, os resultados mais satisfatórios foram obtidos para a cementação na condição da variável Cx = 0,40%C. Testes de reprodutibilidade foram realizados em engrenagens com largura de face 20,00 mm na condição de cementação citada anteriormente. Os resultados obtidos neste último conjunto de experimentos também foram satisfatórios, segundo os requisitos de dureza e profundidade da camada efetiva. Concluiu-se que o procedimento desenvolvido neste estudo de cementação sólida na condição da variável Cx = 0,40%C foi considerado satisfatório e viável para esse tipo e tamanho de engrenagem de aço SAE 8620.
Pack carburizing is a thermochemical treatment that diffuses carbon in the surface of a steel part, increasing the concentration of this chemical element until certain depth. Through quenching it is formed a martensitic microstructure in the superficial region that was affected by the diffusion of atomic carbon during the process of carburizing. This treatment is usually applied in gears and it makes the mechanical part more wear resistant while its core remains ductile and tough for better absorption of impact. The main objective of this study is to develop a viable experimental process of pack carburizing for spur gears (module 2) made of steel SAE 8620, which performs technical requirements based on consulted references. First of all it was made a study based on second Fick's Law for the diffusion of atomic carbon in iron-γ in the temperature of 900ºC, then being obtained different diffusion time for specific conditions. Thereby three carburizing conditions were tested - for each procedure the samples were submitted by direct quenching in oil, as soon as removed from the oven, and then tempered. These samples were analyzed by optic metallography and microhardness tests to verify the depth of the case (hardness profiles were made). In these tests, hardness and case depth were analyzed according to requirements: for module (m) in range of 2,0 ≤ m 2,5 the effective case depth must be between 0,40-0,60 mm with hardness values above 50 HRC. The metallographic analysis revealed for all tested conditions the formation of a martensitic microstructure along the surface of the parts, containing a probable distribution of retained austenite. Satisfactory results that met the pre-disclosed technical requirements were selected from the experiments with gear width 12,50 mm, when used two different conditions of carburizing – variable Cx = 0,40 %C (time 2h19min) and Cx = 0,45 %C (time 2h51min). According to the mentioned technical requirements, the most satisfactory results were obtained for carburizing in the condition of the variable Cx = 0,40 %C. Reproducibility tests were made on gears with face width 20,00 mm according to the same carburizing condition cited above. The obtained results from this last set of experiments were satisfactory too, in consonance with technical requirements of hardness and effective case depth. It was concluded that the process used in this study for pack carburizing with the condition of the variable Cx = 0,40%C time of 2h19min was considered satisfactory and viable for this type and size of SAE 8620 steel gear.
Pack carburizing is a thermochemical treatment that diffuses carbon in the surface of a steel part, increasing the concentration of this chemical element until certain depth. Through quenching it is formed a martensitic microstructure in the superficial region that was affected by the diffusion of atomic carbon during the process of carburizing. This treatment is usually applied in gears and it makes the mechanical part more wear resistant while its core remains ductile and tough for better absorption of impact. The main objective of this study is to develop a viable experimental process of pack carburizing for spur gears (module 2) made of steel SAE 8620, which performs technical requirements based on consulted references. First of all it was made a study based on second Fick's Law for the diffusion of atomic carbon in iron-γ in the temperature of 900ºC, then being obtained different diffusion time for specific conditions. Thereby three carburizing conditions were tested - for each procedure the samples were submitted by direct quenching in oil, as soon as removed from the oven, and then tempered. These samples were analyzed by optic metallography and microhardness tests to verify the depth of the case (hardness profiles were made). In these tests, hardness and case depth were analyzed according to requirements: for module (m) in range of 2,0 ≤ m 2,5 the effective case depth must be between 0,40-0,60 mm with hardness values above 50 HRC. The metallographic analysis revealed for all tested conditions the formation of a martensitic microstructure along the surface of the parts, containing a probable distribution of retained austenite. Satisfactory results that met the pre-disclosed technical requirements were selected from the experiments with gear width 12,50 mm, when used two different conditions of carburizing – variable Cx = 0,40 %C (time 2h19min) and Cx = 0,45 %C (time 2h51min). According to the mentioned technical requirements, the most satisfactory results were obtained for carburizing in the condition of the variable Cx = 0,40 %C. Reproducibility tests were made on gears with face width 20,00 mm according to the same carburizing condition cited above. The obtained results from this last set of experiments were satisfactory too, in consonance with technical requirements of hardness and effective case depth. It was concluded that the process used in this study for pack carburizing with the condition of the variable Cx = 0,40%C time of 2h19min was considered satisfactory and viable for this type and size of SAE 8620 steel gear.
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FERTIG, Bruno Lessmann. Estudo experimental da cementação sólida em engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos (módulo 2) de aço SAE 8620. 2021. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Fabricação Mecânica) - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, Câmpus Jaraguá do Sul – Rau, 2021.
